Due to the different commutation methods, the brushed motor and the brushless motor not only have different internal structures, but also have very different wiring methods.
1. Wiring method of brushed motor. Brushed motors generally have positive and negative leads. Generally, the red wire is the positive pole of the motor, and the black wire is the negative pole of the motor. If the positive and negative poles are exchanged, it will only make the motor reverse, and generally will not damage the motor.
2. Judgment of brushless motor phase angle. The phase angle of the brushless motor is the abbreviation of the phase algebraic angle of the brushless motor, which refers to the angle at which the current direction of each coil of the brushless motor changes in one energization cycle. The common phase algebraic angles of brushless motors for electric vehicles are 120° and 60°.
Observe the installation space position of the Hall element to determine the phase angle of the brushless motor. The installation space of the Hall element is different for the 120° and 60° phase angle motors.
Determine the phase angle of the brushless motor by measuring the Hall true value signal
What needs to be explained first is what is the magnetic pull angle of the brushless motor. The number of magnets of a brushless motor is generally 12, 16 or 18, and the corresponding number of stator slots is 36, 48 or 54 slots. When the motor is in a static state, the magnetic field lines of the rotor magnetic steel have the characteristic of walking in the direction of minimum reluctance, so the position where the rotor magnetic steel stops is exactly the position of the salient pole of the stator slot. The magnetic steel will not stop at the position of the stator slot, so the relative positions of the rotor and the stator are only limited to 36, 48 or 54 positions. Therefore, the minimum magnetic pull angle of the brushless motor is 360/36°, 360/48° or 360/54°.
The Hall element of the brushless motor has 5 leads, which are the common power supply positive pole of the Hall element, the common power supply negative pole, the A-phase Hall output, the B-phase Hall output and the C-phase Hall output. We can use the 5 Hall leads of the brushless controller (60° or 120°) to connect the positive and negative power supplies of the Hall element leads of the brushless motor, and connect the leads of the remaining A, B, and C phase sensors, Arbitrarily connect to the lead of the controller Hall signal lead. Turn on the power of the controller, and the controller supplies power to the Hall element, and the phase angle of the brushless motor can be detected. The method is as follows: use the +20V DC voltage block of the multimeter, and connect the black test lead to the ground wire and the red test lead to measure the voltage of the three leads respectively, and record the high and low voltages of the three leads. Rotate the motor slightly, let the motor rotate through a minimum magnetic pull angle, measure and record the high and low voltage of the 3 leads again, and record this measurement for 6 times. We use 1 for high potential and 0 for low potential, then—
If it is a 60° brushless motor and continuously rotates 6 minimum magnetic pull angles, the measured Hall true value signal should be: 100, 110, 111, 011, 001, 000. Adjust the pin order of the three Hall element leads, so that the true value signal changes strictly according to the above true value order, so that the three phases A, B, and C of the 60° brushless motor can be judged.
If it is a 120° brushless motor and continuously rotates 6 minimum magnetic pull angles, the measured Hall true value signal should change according to the law of 100, 110, 010, 011, 001, 101, so that the lead of the Hall element is energized The sequence is determined.
If you want to quickly measure whether the brushless motor is 60° or 120°, use the +20V DC voltage block of the multimeter, and connect the black test lead to the ground wire and the red test lead to measure the voltages of the three leads respectively, and all three lines have voltage or none. When the voltage is determined, it is a 60° motor, otherwise it is 120°
3. Wiring method of brushless motor. The brushless motor has 3 coil leads and 5 Hall leads. These 8 leads must be in one-to-one correspondence with the corresponding leads of the controller, otherwise the motor cannot rotate normally.
Generally speaking, brushless motors with phase angles of 60° and 120° need to be driven by corresponding brushless motor controllers with phase angles of 60° and 120°, and the controllers of the two phase angles cannot be directly interchanged. . There are two correct wirings for the 8 wires connected to the 60° phase angle brushless motor and the 60° phase angle controller, one is forward rotation and the other is reverse rotation.
Because for a brushless motor with a phase angle of 120°, by adjusting the phase sequence of the coil leads and the phase sequence of the Hall leads, there can be 6 types of correct wiring of the 8 wires connecting the motor and the controller, of which 3 are connected to the motor. Turn, the other 3 connection methods motor reverse.
If the brushless motor is reversed, it means that the phase angle of the brushless controller and the brushless motor is matched, we can adjust the steering of the motor in this way: exchange the A and C of the hall leads of the brushless motor and the brushless controller Wiring; at the same time, exchange wiring between the main phase wires A and B of the brushless motor and the brushless controller.
There are generally three types of electric bicycles.
1. DC hub motor, that is, a brushed motor, two lead wires, and an external PWM controller.
2. AC hub motor, with or without Hall sensor, more than three leads, external frequency conversion controller.
3. DC brushless hub motor with electronic commutator and two lead wires. External PWM controller. Be sure to distinguish and not to be confused.